Baseline characteristics of decedent cohort, comparing those with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) to those without OUD
| Characteristic | No. (%) of decedents* | Std Diff‡ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n = 679 840 | No OUD, total n = 668 640 | OUD, total n = 11 200 | OUD, hospital admissions or ED visits only n = 3227 | OUD, OAT only n = 5449 | OUD, hospital admissions or ED visits and OAT n = 2524 | No OUD, age-matched† n = 41 325 | OUD age-matched† n = 11 096 | ||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female | 333 133 (49.0) | 329 138 (49.2) | 3995 (35.7) | 1453 (45.0) | 1666 (30.6) | 876 (34.7) | 16 215 (39.2) | 3957 (35.7) | 0.07 |
| Male | 346 707 (51.0) | 339 502 (50.8) | 7205 (64.3) | 1774 (55.0) | 3783 (69.4) | 1648 (65.3) | 25 110 (60.8) | 7139 (64.3) | 0.07 |
| Age, yr | |||||||||
| 18–44 | 25 595 (3.8) | 20 978 (3.1) | 4617 (41.2) | 762–766§ | 2400 (44.0) | 1451–1455§ | 14 917 (36.1) | 4513 (41.2) | 0.09 |
| 45–54 | 29 758 (4.4) | 27 557 (4.1) | 2201 (19.7) | 444 (13.8) | 1268 (23.3) | 489 (19.4) | 8656 (20.9) | 2201 (19.7) | 0.03 |
| 55–64 | 73 187 (10.8) | 70 866 (10.6) | 2321 (20.7) | 678 (21.0) | 1214 (22.3) | 429 (17.0) | 9369 (22.7) | 2321 (20.7) | 0.04 |
| 65–74 | 121 294 (17.8) | 120 186 (18.0) | 1108 (9.9) | 552 (17.1) | 430 (7.9) | 126 (5.0) | 4525 (10.9) | 1108 (9.9) | 0.03 |
| 75–84 | 173 942 (25.6) | 173 365 (25.9) | 577 (5.2) | 442 (13.7) | 111 (2.0) | 24 (1.0) | 2288 (5.5) | 577 (5.2) | 0.02 |
| ≥ 85 | 256 064 (37.7) | 255 688 (38.2) | 376 (3.4) | 345–349§ | 26 (0.5) | 1–5§ | 1570 (3.8) | 376 (3.4) | 0.02 |
| Age, yr, mean ± SD | 77.0 ± 15.1 | 77.5 ± 14.7 | 49.8 ± 16.8 | 59.6 ± 19.1 | 47.2 ± 13.9 | 42.9 ± 13.6 | 51.4 ± 16.7 | 50.0 ± 16.8 | 0.08 |
| Income quintile | |||||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 157 655 (23.2) | 153 422 (22.9) | 4233 (37.8) | 1074 (33.3) | 2145 (39.4) | 1014 (40.2) | 10 398 (25.2) | 4201 (37.9) | 0.28 |
| Q2 | 130 599 (19.2) | 128 479 (19.2) | 2120 (18.9) | 593 (18.4) | 1069 (19.6) | 458 (18.1) | 7853 (19.0) | 2096 (18.9) | 0.003 |
| Q3 | 110 484 (16.3) | 109 069 (16.3) | 1415 (12.6) | 414 (12.8) | 646 (11.9) | 355 (14.1) | 6833 (16.5) | 1404 (12.7) | 0.11 |
| Q4 | 96 892 (14.3) | 95 904 (14.3) | 988 (8.8) | 323 (10.0) | 465 (8.5) | 200 (7.9) | 5543 (13.4) | 976 (8.8) | 0.15 |
| Q5 (highest) | 90 785 (13.4) | 89 899 (13.4) | 886 (7.9) | 282 (8.7) | 416 (7.6) | 188 (7.4) | 5150 (12.5) | 873 (7.9) | 0.15 |
| Rurality | |||||||||
| Rural | 90 337 (13.3) | 88 922 (13.3) | 1415 (12.6) | 502 (15.6) | 659 (12.1) | 254 (10.1) | 5363 (13.0) | 1403 (12.6) | 0.01 |
| Urban | 586 415 (86.3) | 576 773 (86.3) | 9642 (86.1) | 2686 (83.2) | 4741 (87.0) | 2215 (87.7) | 35 777 (86.6) | 9654 (86.1) | |
| Missing | 3088 (0.5) | 2945 (0.4) | 143 (1.3) | 39 (1.2) | 49 (0.9) | 55 (2.2) | 185 (0.4) | 143 (1.3) | 0.09 |
| Age and labour force marginalization quintile | |||||||||
| Missing | 8667 (1.3) | 8247 (1.2) | 420 (3.8) | 103 (3.2) | 194 (3.6) | 123 (4.9) | 818 (2.0) | 417 (3.8) | 0.11 |
| Q1 (lowest) | 85 736 (12.6) | 83 798 (12.5) | 1938 (17.3) | 480 (14.9) | 972 (17.8) | 486 (19.3) | 8396 (20.3) | 1916 (17.3) | 0.08 |
| Q2 | 101 996 (15.0) | 99 772 (14.9) | 2224 (19.9) | 578 (17.9) | 1105 (20.3) | 541 (21.4) | 7923 (19.2) | 2195 (19.8) | 0.02 |
| Q3 | 109 042 (16.0) | 107 154 (16.0) | 1888 (16.9) | 503 (15.6) | 953 (17.5) | 432 (17.1) | 7307 (17.7) | 1866 (16.8) | 0.02 |
| Q4 | 127 464 (18.7) | 125 521 (18.8) | 1943 (17.3) | 546 (16.9) | 979 (18.0) | 418 (16.6) | 7360 (17.8) | 1931 (17.4) | 0.01 |
| Q5 (highest) | 246 935 (36.3) | 244 148 (36.5) | 2787 (24.9) | 1017 (31.5) | 1246 (22.9) | 524 (20.8) | 9521 (23.0) | 2771 (25.0) | 0.05 |
| Material resources marginalization quintile | |||||||||
| Missing | 8667 (1.3) | 8247 (1.2) | 420 (3.8) | 103 (3.2) | 194 (3.6) | 123 (4.9) | 818 (2.0) | 417 (3.8) | 0.11 |
| Q1 (lowest) | 118 678 (17.5) | 117 556 (17.6) | 1122 (10.0) | 374 (11.6) | 508 (9.3) | 240 (9.5) | 6397 (15.5) | 1111 (10.0) | 0.16 |
| Q2 | 126 149 (18.6) | 124 709 (18.7) | 1440 (12.9) | 515 (16.0) | 625 (11.5) | 300 (11.9) | 6888 (16.7) | 1427 (12.9) | 0.11 |
| Q3 | 130 445 (19.2) | 128 835 (19.3) | 1610 (14.4) | 489 (15.2) | 746 (13.7) | 375 (14.9) | 7446 (18.0) | 1591 (14.3) | 0.1 |
| Q4 | 137 919 (20.3) | 135 735 (20.3) | 2184 (19.5) | 616 (19.1) | 1101 (20.2) | 467 (18.5) | 8426 (20.4) | 2165 (19.5) | 0.02 |
| Q5 (highest) | 157 982 (23.2) | 153 558 (23.0) | 4424 (39.5) | 1130 (35.0) | 2275 (41.8) | 1019 (40.4) | 11 350 (27.5) | 4385 (39.5) | 0.26 |
| Racialized and newcomer populations marginalization quintile | |||||||||
| Missing | 8667 (1.3) | 8247 (1.2) | 420 (3.8) | 103 (3.2) | 194 (3.6) | 123 (4.9) | 818 (2.0) | 417 (3.8) | 0.11 |
| Q1 (lowest) | 151 479 (22.3) | 149 330 (22.3) | 2149 (19.2) | 703 (21.8) | 1002 (18.4) | 444 (17.6) | 8068 (19.5) | 2130 (19.2) | 0.01 |
| Q2 | 145 980 (21.5) | 143 657 (21.5) | 2323 (20.7) | 722 (22.4) | 1129 (20.7) | 472 (18.7) | 7879 (19.1) | 2301 (20.7) | 0.04 |
| Q3 | 128 117 (18.8) | 125 797 (18.8) | 2320 (20.7) | 643 (19.9) | 1170 (21.5) | 507 (20.1) | 7601 (18.4) | 2298 (20.7) | 0.06 |
| Q4 | 121 977 (17.9) | 119 781 (17.9) | 2196 (19.6) | 543 (16.8) | 1101 (20.2) | 552 (21.9) | 7761 (18.8) | 2174 (19.6) | 0.02 |
| Q5 (highest) | 123 620 (18.2) | 121 828 (18.2) | 1792 (16.0) | 513 (15.9) | 853 (15.7) | 426 (16.9) | 9198 (22.3) | 1776 (16.0) | 0.16 |
| Household and dwellings marginalization quintile | |||||||||
| Missing | 8667 (1.3) | 8247 (1.2) | 420 (3.8) | 103 (3.2) | 194 (3.6) | 123 (4.9) | 818 (2.0) | 417 (3.8) | 0.11 |
| Q1 (lowest) | 79 601 (11.7) | 78 848 (11.8) | 753 (6.7) | 224 (6.9) | 363 (6.7) | 166 (6.6) | 5795 (14.0) | 743 (6.7) | 0.24 |
| Q2 | 104 479 (15.4) | 103 321 (15.5) | 1158 (10.3) | 373 (11.6) | 549 (10.1) | 236 (9.4) | 6505 (15.7) | 1147 (10.3) | 0.16 |
| Q3 | 125 049 (18.4) | 123 504 (18.5) | 1545 (13.8) | 486 (15.1) | 766 (14.1) | 293 (11.6) | 7215 (17.5) | 1523 (13.7) | 0.10 |
| Q4 | 151 855 (22.3) | 149 314 (22.3) | 2541 (22.7) | 757 (23.5) | 1236 (22.7) | 548 (21.7) | 8840 (21.4) | 2518 (22.7) | 0.03 |
| Q5 | 210 189 (30.9) | 205 406 (30.7) | 4783 (42.7) | 1284 (39.8) | 2341 (43.0) | 1158 (45.9) | 12 152 (29.4) | 4748 (42.8) | 0.28 |
| Immigrant status | |||||||||
| Immigrant | 49 635 (7.3) | 49 264 (7.4) | 371 (3.3) | 114 (3.5) | 187 (3.4) | 70 (2.8) | 4976 (12.0) | 366 (3.3) | 0.33 |
| Non-immigrant and missing | 630 205 (92.7) | 619 376 (92.6) | 10 829 (96.7) | 3113 (96.5) | 5262 (96.6) | 2454 (97.2) | 36 349 (88.0) | 10 730 (96.7) | |
Note: ED = emergency department, OAT = opioid agonist treatment, SD = standard deviation, Std Diff = standardized difference.
↵* Unless otherwise indicated.
↵† Decedents with OUD were matched to decedents without OUD group on age (± 2 yr).
↵‡ Compares age-matched decedents with and without OUD.
↵§ Ranges presented to prevent back-calculation of small cell counts (≤ 5).