Demographics |
Age, yr, mean ± SD | 67.1 ± 10.3 | 66.3 ± 10.9 | 0.07 |
Age, yr, median (IQR) | 68 (60–74) | 67 (60–74) | 0.05 |
Sex, female | 756 (24.9) | 15 626 (26.3) | 0.03 |
BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD, | 28.56 ± 5.38 | 28.95 ± 5.56 | 0.07 |
BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 28 (25–31) | 28 (25–32) | 0.07 |
Rural residence | 2619 (86.4) | 50 619 (85.3) | 0.03 |
Hospital type |
Community | 379 (12.5) | 14 953 (25.2) | 0.33 |
Teaching | 2654 (87.5) | 44 389 (74.8) | |
Waitlisted during inpatient encounter | 770 (25.4) | 2913 (4.9) | 0.6 |
Comorbidities |
Hypertension | 2662 (87.8) | 49 488 (83.4) | 0.12 |
Atrial fibrillation | 418 (13.8) | 7212 (12.2) | 0.05 |
Recent myocardial infarction | 437 (14.4) | 2119 (3.6) | 0.39 |
CCS classification |
0 | 575 (19.0) | 21 386 (36.0) | 0.39 |
1 | 483 (15.9) | 8805 (14.8) | 0.03 |
2 | 569 (18.8) | 14 989 (25.3) | 0.16 |
3 | 603 (19.9) | 11 828 (19.9) | 0 |
4 | 163 (5.4) | 1112 (1.9) | 0.19 |
Low-risk acute coronary syndrome | 360 (11.9) | 858 (1.4) | 0.43 |
Intermediate-risk acute coronary syndrome | 260 (8.6) | 339 (0.6) | 0.39 |
High-risk acute coronary syndrome | 20 (0.7) | 25 (0.0) | 0.1 |
Left main or left main equivalent disease | 1311 (43.2) | 18 319 (30.9) | 0.26 |
Proximal LAD artery disease | 1346 (44.4) | 19 571 (33.0) | 0.24 |
Previous percutaneous coronary intervention | 375 (12.4) | 6047 (10.2) | 0.07 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % |
≥ 50 | 2108 (69.5) | 46 417 (78.2) | 0.2 |
35–49 | 611 (20.1) | 9367 (15.8) | 0.11 |
20–35 | 273 (9.0) | 3057 (5.2) | 0.15 |
< 20 | 41 (1.4) | 501 (0.8) | 0.05 |
NYHA classification |
1 | 2038 (67.2) | 35 438 (59.7) | 0.16 |
2 | 409 (13.5) | 12 920 (21.8) | 0.22 |
3 | 460 (15.2) | 10 251 (17.3) | 0.06 |
4 | 126 (4.2) | 733 (1.2) | 0.18 |
Heart failure | 968 (31.9) | 13 843 (23.3) | 0.19 |
Moderate-severe mitral regurgitation | 220 (7.3) | 6951 (11.7) | 0.15 |
Moderate-severe aortic regurgitation | 69 (2.3) | 2278 (3.8) | 0.09 |
Severe aortic stenosis | 687 (22.7) | 18 980 (32.0) | 0.21 |
Endocarditis |
None | 3007 (99.1) | 58 852 (99.2) | 0 |
Acute | 13 (0.4) | 154 (0.3) | 0.03 |
Subacute | 13 (0.4) | 336 (0.6) | 0.02 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 314 (10.4) | 5451 (9.2) | 0.04 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 412 (13.6) | 7942 (13.4) | 0.01 |
Smoking status |
Never | 1448 (47.7) | 29 074 (49.0) | 0.03 |
Current | 604 (19.9) | 9129 (15.4) | 0.12 |
Former | 981 (32.3) | 21 139 (35.6) | 0.07 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 795 (26.2) | 13 111 (22.1) | 0.1 |
Diabetes | 1435 (47.3) | 23 204 (39.1) | 0.17 |
Dyslipidemia | 2116 (69.8) | 39 600 (66.7) | 0.07 |
GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, mean ± SD | 82.0 ± 35.2 | 86.2 ± 34.1 | 0.12 |
GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, median (IQR) | 79 (58–103) | 82 (62–105) | 0.11 |
Dialysis | 90 (3.0) | 1074 (1.8) | 0.08 |
Anemia | 197 (6.5) | 2344 (3.9) | 0.11 |
Liver disease | 37 (1.2) | 561 (0.9) | 0.03 |
Alcohol abuse | 43 (1.4) | 509 (0.9) | 0.05 |
Dementia | 47 (1.5) | 656 (1.1) | 0.04 |
Depression | 51 (1.7) | 415 (0.7) | 0.09 |
Psychosis | 6 (0.2) | 70 (0.1) | 0.02 |
Primary cancer | 150 (4.9) | 2887 (4.9) | 0 |
Metastatic cancer | 18 (0.6) | 287 (0.5) | 0.02 |
Operative characteristics |
Surgery type |
CABG | 2091 (68.9) | 30 481 (51.4) | 0.36 |
Valve | 500 (16.5) | 18 781 (31.6) | 0.36 |
CABG + valve | 415 (13.7) | 7518 (12.7) | 0.03 |
Thoracic vorta | 27 (0.9) | 2562 (4.3) | 0.22 |
Redo sternotomy | 131 (4.3) | 2047 (3.4) | 0.05 |
Cardiogenic shock | 1–5† | 56 (0.1) | 0.01 |
Operative priority |
Urgent | 988 (32.6) | 20 296 (34.2) | 0.03 |
Semiurgent | 844 (27.8) | 11 180 (18.8) | 0.21 |
Elective | 1201 (39.6) | 27 866 (47.0) | 0.15 |
Wait time characteristics |
Recommend maximum wait time, d, mean ± SD | 41.3 ± 31.0 | 43.7 ± 34.2 | 0.07 |
Recommend maximum wait time, d, median (IQR) | 31 (14–62) | 40 (14–71) | 0.05 |
Adherence to recommended wait time‡ | 1999 (65.9) | 31 126 (52.5) | 0.28 |
All-cause ED visits while on the waitlist, mean ± SD | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.28 |
All-cause ED visits while on the waitlist, median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.35 |
All-cause outpatient physician visits while on the waitlist, mean ± SD | 1.0 (1.5) | 2.1 (1.8) | 0.63 |
All-cause outpatient physician visits while on the waitlist, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–3) | 0.75 |